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Autoimmune hypophysitis: a single centre experience

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Singapore Med J 2009; 50(11): 1080-1084
Autoimmune hypophysitis: a single centre experience

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Menon SK, Sarathi V, Bandgar TR, Menon PS, Goel N, Shah NS
Correspondence: Dr Tushar R Bandgar, drtusharb@gmail.com 

ABSTRACT 
Introduction
Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a rare primary autoimmune inflammatory disorder involving the pituitary gland. 
Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical features and outcome of patients diagnosed with AH between 1988 and 2006, was carried out. 
Results 15 patients (14 females and one male) with AH were identified. Three patients presented in the peripartum period. Headache, vomiting and visual field defects, suggestive of an expanding sellar mass, were the most common presenting symptoms (67 percent). The most common deficient hormone was adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (67 percent), followed by thyroid stimulating hormone (53 percent) and gonadotropins (40 percent). Imaging revealed a definite, enhancing sellar mass in 87 percent of the patients and stalk thickening in 33 percent of the patients. Three patients underwent surgery. On serial monitoring, the sellar mass regressed or disappeared spontaneously without any immunosuppressive treatment in the other ten patients with a definite sellar mass. 
Conclusion We report a higher female to male ratio and a lower incidence of peripartum cases in our series. Symptoms of mass effect were the most common presentation, while ACTH was the most commonly-deficient hormone. Surgery was rarely needed, and most patients experienced a spontaneous resolution of the mass. 

Keywords: autoimmune hypophysitis, hypopituitarism, pituitary gland, sellar mass 
Singapore Med J 2009; 50(11): 1080-1084

http://smj.org.sg/sites/default/files/5011/5011a7.pdf
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