Skip to main content
  • Home
  • Articles
    • Archive from 2022 July
    • Archive 1960 to 2022 June
    • Accepted Articles
    • Published Ahead-of-Print
    • Supplement
  • About
  • For Authors
  • Podcasts

Prescribing health: exercise

< Back to Listing

Share this Article

Singapore Med J 2013; 54(6): 303-308; http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013122
Prescribing health: exercise

  • Abstract
  • PDF
  • References

Law KH, How CH, Ng CS, Ng CW
Correspondence: Dr Mark Ng Chung Wai, ng.chung.wai@singhealth.com.sg

ABSTRACT
The healthcare challenges in developed countries centre around the rise of chronic conditions and obesity. There is a call to shift the focus toward the primary prevention of these conditions. Clinicians will need to move beyond the comfort of prescribing pharmaceuticals and expand the scope to prescribing health, i.e. exercise. We discuss an easy-to-follow exercise prescription to highlight some essential principles and useful tools that can help busy family practices achieve this.

Keywords: EIMS, exercise prescription, primary care, Singapore, SMART
Singapore Med J 2013; 54(6): 303-308; http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013122

http://smj.org.sg/sites/default/files/5406/5406practice1.pdf

REFERENCES

1. Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore. National Health Survey 2010 [online]. Available at: http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/dam/moh_web/Publications/Reports/2011/NHS2.... Accessed June 10, 2013.
 
2. Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2009; 301: 2024-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.681
 
3. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:393-403.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
 
4. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al Physical activity and risk of stroke in women. JAMA 2000; 283:2961-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.22.2961
 
5. Wei M, Gibbons LW, Mitchell TL, et al. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:89-96.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00002
 
6. Morris JN. Exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease: today's best buy in public health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26:807-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199407000-00001
 
7. Exercise is Medicine Singapore (EIMS). Available at: www.eims.sg. Accessed June 10, 2013.
 
8. Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK, et al. Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2011; 378:1244-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6
 
9. Blair SN, Kohl HW 3rd, Paffenbarger RS Jr, et al. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989; 262:2395-401.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1989.03430170057028
 
10. Manini TM, Everhart JE, Patel KV, et al. Daily activity energy expenditure and mortality among older adults. JAMA 2006; 296:171-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.2.171
 
11. Franco OH, de Laet C, Peeters A, et al. Effects of physical activity on life expectancy with cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:2355-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.20.2355
 
12. Manson JE, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW, at al. A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:650-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199908263410904
 
13. Leitzmann MF, Park Y, Blair A, at al. Physical activity recommendations and decreased risk of mortality. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167:2453-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.22.2453
 
14. Gregg EW, Cauley JA, Stone K, et al; Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women. JAMA 2003; 289:2379-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.18.2379
 
15. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, et al. The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:538-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199302253280804
 
16. Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M, Hein HO. All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1621-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.11.1621
 
17. Reimers CD, Knapp G, Reimers AK. Exercise as stroke prophylaxis. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009; 106:715-21.
 
18. Wendel-Vos GC, Schuit AJ, Feskens EJ, et al. Physical activity and stroke. A meta-analysis of observational data. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33:787-98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh168
 
19. Jeon CY, Lokken RP, Hu FB, van Dam RM. Physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:744-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-1842
 
20. Barlow CE, LaMonte MJ, Fitzgerald SJ, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of hypertension incidence among initially normotensive healthy women. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163:142-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj019
 
21. Holmes MD, Chen WY, Feskanich D, Kroenke CH, Colditz GA. Physical Activity and Survival After Breast Cancer Diagnosis. JAMA 2005; 293:2479-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.20.2479
 
22. Boyle T, Keegel T, Bull F, Heyworth J, Fritschi L. Physical activity and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:1548-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs354
 
23. Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, Lee IM. Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:611-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604917
 
24. Slattery ML, Potter JD. Physical activity and colon cancer: confounding or interaction? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34:913-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200206000-00002
 
25. Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, et al. Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:73-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00004
 
26. Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB, Clark CG, Chambliss HO. Exercise treatment for depression: efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med 2005; 28:1-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.003
 
27. Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, et al. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1355-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200011093431902
 
28. Whang W, Manson JE, Hu FB, et al. Physical exertion, exercise, and sudden cardiac death in women. JAMA 2006; 295:1399-403.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.12.1399
 
29. Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:1435-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2
 
30. Physical activity preparticipation screening guidelines. In: Liguori G, et al eds. ACSM's Resources for the Health Fitness Specialist. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013: 20-25.
 
31. General principles of exercise prescription. In: Thompson WR, Gordon NF, Pescatello LS, eds. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009: 152-82.
 
32. The Exercise Prescription. In: Jonas S, Philips EM, eds. ACSM's Exercise is Medicine: A Clinician's Guide to Exercise Prescription. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006: 100-20.
 
33. General physical activities defined by level of intensity in accordance with CDC and ACSM guidelines [online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/pdf/PA_Intensity_table_2_1.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2013.
 
34. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al. Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25:71-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011
 
35. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, et al. Compendium of Physical Activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32(9 Suppl):S498-504.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009
 
36. Health Promotion Board, Singapore. National Physical Activity Guidelines: Professional Guide. August 2011 [online]. Available at: http://www.hpb.gov.sg/HOPPortal/content/conn/HOPUCM/path/Contribution%20.... Accessed June 10, 2013.
 
37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Writing SMART Objectives. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/programs/nhdsp_program/evaluation_guides/docs/s.... Accessed June 10, 2013.
×

Around the Site

Home

About SMJ

For Reviewers

Sign Up for Alerts

Issues

Current Issue

All Issues

Online First

Supplement

CME

For Authors

Instructions for Authors

Submit Manuscript


Follow us on:
        

More Links

Contact Us

Copyright

Advertise

SMJ Forms

Privacy Policy

SMA Home

Copyright 2021. Singapore Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.